We often think of confidence as a side dish—nice to have, but not essential. Especially when it comes to memory, it’s tempting to believe that raw ability is all that matters. But research is revealing that how capable we feel in the moment can shape how—and how well—we actually remember (Miller & Unsworth, 2025). Not just because we’re in a better mood, but because confidence seems to affect the very mechanics of learning and recall. The belief that “I can do this” changes w

Motivation has as many faces as there are human desires. The simplest definition of motivation boils down to wanting. We want a change in behavior, thoughts, feelings, self-concept, environment, or relationships. Motivation, in its essence, is not static—it’s a living, shifting internal drive that asks for movement. Sometimes it’s subtle, like a vague restlessness nudging us forward. Sometimes it’s urgent, all-consuming, impossible to ignore. In either case, it’s the fuel beh

Motivation isn't just a desirable element in education—it’s foundational. When students appear bored, distracted, or resistant, it’s easy to label them as unmotivated. But often, they’re responding to a system that overlooks what fuels genuine engagement. Traditional schools, with their rigid pacing, limited autonomy, and grading systems that reward performance over process, can unintentionally suppress curiosity. Many children enter school eager to learn but eventually lose

Change is rarely about logic. If it were, most of us would already be living as our ideal selves. Motivational interviewing doesn’t aim to convince or correct—it aims to guide people into discovering their own readiness for change. Whether you’re a clinician, coach, teacher, or friend, motivational interviewing (MI) offers a framework that helps people move from ambivalence to action. It doesn't require expertise on the person’s life. It requires trust in their capacity to kn

Managing ADHD often requires a personalized blend of strategies that address both neurological and behavioral patterns. While dietary interventions and psychological therapies are each supported by evidence, recent studies suggest that combining the two may offer a stronger impact on symptom reduction — particularly in children. For families seeking non-pharmaceutical options or complementary approaches to medication, this combined route could provide a more comprehensive pat

When exploring non-pharmaceutical treatments for ADHD, two popular categories often come up: dietary interventions and psychological therapies. Both have been studied extensively, and while each shows promise in certain contexts, their overall effectiveness differs. A comparison of these approaches reveals that psychological therapies — particularly behavioral strategies and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) — tend to offer more consistent and broadly applicable benefits for

When people think about managing ADHD without medication, executive function training or brain games often come to mind. But beyond cognitive drills and memory tasks, a growing body of research highlights a much wider range of non-pharmaceutical strategies that can improve attention, behavior, emotional regulation, and social functioning. These interventions target various aspects of a person’s life — from how they manage stress, to how they learn in school, to how families a

Cognitive training is an increasingly popular non-pharmaceutical approach to managing ADHD, especially for individuals seeking to strengthen executive functions without medication. At its core, cognitive training involves structured, repetitive tasks that specifically target brain functions tied to the prefrontal cortex. For people with ADHD, these exercises are designed to improve working memory, attention regulation, inhibitory control, planning, and mental flexibility — al

For many years, eye movements were believed to be passive responses to visual stimuli—simple mechanical adjustments to optimize focus. But current neuroscience paints a very different picture. Far from being mere reflexes, eye movements play an active, functional role in perception, memory, decision-making, and motor coordination . They do not simply reflect what we see; they actively shape how we think, remember, and behave. Research shows that various types of eye movements

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has established itself as a leading evidence-based therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. Originally developed by Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s as an individual therapy, EMDR has since evolved into a flexible modality that can be delivered in both individual and group formats. The expansion into group-based delivery has significant implications for mental health care systems, especial

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex and often chronic mental health condition that affects individuals exposed to traumatic events. While several evidence-based treatments are available, a recurring challenge across therapeutic approaches is patient dropout. High attrition rates can significantly undermine the effectiveness of even the best therapies, making treatment adherence a crucial component in clinical outcomes. Among trauma-focused psychotherapies, Eye

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)  has steadily gained recognition over the past three decades as a powerful psychotherapy treatment for trauma. Initially met with skepticism, it is now widely accepted by clinicians, researchers, and mental health organizations as an evidence-based intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). But how does EMDR compare to other well-established treatments such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT

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For decades, the conversation around mental health often felt fractured. Was it a chemical imbalance? A product of our childhood? Or a...